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What is Software Engineering? Software engineering is defined as a process of analyzing user requirements and then designing, building, and testing software application which will satisfy those requirements. Let's look at the various definitions of software engineering: IEEE, in its standard 610.12-1990, defines software engineering as the application of a systematic, disciplined, which is a computable approach for the development, operation, and maintenance of software. Fritz Bauer defined it as 'the establishment and used standard engineering principles. It helps you to obtain, economically, software which is reliable and works efficiently on the real machines'. Boehm defines software engineering, which involves, 'the practical application of scientific knowledge to the creative design and building of computer programs. It also includes associated documentation needed for developing, operating, and maintaining them.'

History Of Software The Early Days of Software Computer scientist Tom Kilburn is responsible for writing the world’s very first piece of software, which was run at 11 a.m. on June 21, 1948, at the University of Manchester in England. Kilburn and his colleague Freddie Williams had built one of the earliest computers, the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine (also known as the “Baby”). The SSEM was programmed to perform mathematical calculations using machine code instructions. This first piece of software took “only” 52 minutes to correctly compute the greatest divisor of 2 to the power of 18 (262,144). For decades after this groundbreaking event, computers were programmed with punch cards in which holes denoted specific machine code instructions. Fortran, one of the very first higher-level programming languages, was originally published in 1957. The next year, statistician John Tukey coined the word “software” in an article about computer programming. Other pioneering programmin...

Types Of Softwares The two main types of software are system software and application software. System software is a type of computer program designed to run a computer's hardware and application programs. System software coordinates the activities and functions of the hardware and software. In addition, it controls the operations of the computer hardware and provides an environment or platform for all the other types of software to work in. The best-known example of system software is the operating system (OS), which manages all the other programs in a computer. Application software is a computer software package that performs a specific function for an end user or, in some instances, for another application. An application can be self-contained or a group of programs. The program is a set of operations that runs the application for the user. Applications use the computer's OS and other supporting programs, typically system software, to function. Application software is differ...

Software Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks. Opposite of hardware, which describes the physical aspects of a computer, software is a generic term used to refer to applications, scripts and programs that run on a device. Software can be thought of as the variable part of a computer, and hardware the invariable part. Software is often divided into categories. Application software refers to user-downloaded programs that fulfill a want or need. Examples of applications include office suites, database programs, web browsers, word processors, software development tools, image editors and communication platforms. System software includes operating systems and any program that supports application software.

Basic Building Blocks Of The C Programming You have seen the basic structure of a C program, so it will be easy to understand other basic building blocks of the C programming language. Tokens in C A C program consists of various tokens and a token is either a keyword, an identifier, a constant, a string literal, or a symbol. For example, the following C statement consists of five tokens − printf("Hello, World! \n"); The individual tokens are − printf (    "Hello, World! \n" ) ; Semicolons In a C program, the semicolon is a statement terminator. That is, each individual statement must be ended with a semicolon. It indicates the end of one logical entity. Given below are two different statements − printf("Hello, World! \n"); return 0; Comments Comments are like helping text in your C program and they are ignored by the compiler. They start with /* and terminate with the characters */ as shown below − /* my first program in C */ You cannot have comments withi...

Hello World Example A C program basically consists of the following parts − Preprocessor Commands Functions Variables Statements & Expressions Comments Let us look at a simple code that would print the words "Hello World" − INPUT #include <stdio.h> void main {    /* my first program in C */    printf("Hello, World! \n");    getch; } Let us take a look at the various parts of the above program − The first line of the program #include <stdio.h> is a preprocessor command, which tells a C compiler to include stdio.h file before going to actual compilation. The next line int main() is the main function where the program execution begins. The next line /*...*/ will be ignored by the compiler and it has been put to add additional comments in the program. So such lines are called comments in the program. The next line printf(...) is another function available in C which causes the message "Hello, World!" to be displayed on the screen. The next line...

Applications of C Programming C was initially used for system development work, particularly the programs that make-up the operating system. C was adopted as a system development language because it produces code that runs nearly as fast as the code written in assembly language. Some examples of the use of C are - Operating Systems Language Compilers Assemblers Text Editors Print Spoolers Network Drivers Modern Programs Databases Language Interpreters Utilities Audience This tutorial is designed for software programmers with a need to understand the C programming language starting from scratch. This C tutorial will give you enough understanding on C programming language from where you can take yourself to higher level of expertise. Prerequisites Before proceeding with this tutorial, you should have a basic understanding of Computer Programming terminologies. A basic understanding of any of the programming languages will help you in understanding the C programming concepts and move fast...